这里有一道经典的面试题:“一个线程两次调用start()方法会出现什么情况?”,咱们这次结合案例从线程源码的角度炒剩饭。
答:Java的线程是不允许启动两次的,第二次调用时,线程可能处于终止或者其它(非NEW)状态,必然会抛出IllegalThreadStateException,这是一种运行时异常,多次调用start被认为是编程错误。如果业务需要线程run中的代码再次执行,请重新启动一个线程实例。
应聘的时候回答这么多就可以了,下面从源码角度深入分析为什么不行,如果面试官刨根问底,咱们也可以底气十足。
package com.sc.register;
/**
* 在同一线程上两次调用start方法
*
* @author Wiener
* @date 2021/4/9
*/
public class ReStartThread implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
System.out.println("In run() method.");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ReStartThread obj = new ReStartThread();
Thread thread1 = new Thread(obj, "Thread-ReStart");
thread1.start();
System.out.println("当前线程状态是:" + thread1.getState());
// will throw java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException at runtime
thread1.start();
}
}
执行结果如下:
当前线程状态是:RUNNABLE
in run() method, method completed.
Exception in thread "main" java.lang.IllegalThreadStateException
at java.base/java.lang.Thread.start(Thread.java:794)
at com.sc.register.ReStartThread.main(ReStartThread.java:22)
Process finished with exit code 1
Thread类中,start()函数第一行代码就是校验线程状态,如果状态不是新建,则抛出运行时异常IllegalThreadStateException,而且备注里有声明:
/**
* Java thread status for tools, default indicates thread 'not yet started'
*/
private volatile int threadStatus;
public synchronized void start() {
/**
* This method is not invoked for the main method thread or "system"
* group threads created/set up by the VM. Any new functionality added
* to this method in the future may have to also be added to the VM.
*
* A zero status value corresponds to state "NEW".
*/
if (threadStatus != 0)
throw new IllegalThreadStateException(); // ①
在①处打断点,以debug模式启动案例,可以看到第二个start()执行后,线程状态 threadStatus 不为0,故抛出异常。调试结果如下图所示:
温馨提示:threadStatus的值在不同机器的运行结果可能不一样。